<p>Fort McKinley is a former United States Army coastal defense fort on Great Diamond Island, Maine in Casco Bay, which operated from 1873 to 1947. It was named for President William McKinley. It included a sub-post, Fort Lyon, on Cow Island, just north of Great Diamond Island. Fort Lyon was named for Nathaniel Lyon. Both forts were part of the Coast Defenses of Portland, renamed the Harbor Defenses of Portland in 1925, a command which protected Portlands port and naval anchorage 1895–1950. In 1946, Fort Lyon was closed and turned over to the City of Portland. After Fort McKinleys closure, it was transferred to the United States Navy, which sold the site  to private interests in 1961. The Fort McKinley Historic District was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Construction and armament</h3><br>
<p>The Board of Fortifications, often called the Endicott Board, recommended a comprehensive program of new fortifications in 1885. Forts McKinley and Lyon were among the results. Construction on Fort McKinley began in 1897 and was complete by 1906. Fort McKinley totaled 111 acre resulting from two land purchases in 1873 and 1901. The fort was divided by Diamond Cove into a North Fork and a South Fork. The entirety of Cow Island was acquired by the government in 1873; Fort Lyon was built on 22 acre of it and was complete by 1909.</p><br>
<p>Fort McKinley was completed by 1906 with nine gun batteries as follows:</p><br>
<p>North Fork:</p><br>
<p>South Fork:</p><br>
<p>Fort Lyon was completed by 1909 with two gun batteries as follows:</p><br>
<p>At Fort McKinley, facilities supporting an underwater minefield were built on the South Fork and at Fort Lyon; the 3-inch guns at both forts were intended to defend the minefield against minesweepers. Construction of the original barracks and administration buildings at Fort McKinley began in 1902-1903 and lasted through 1906. This construction phase was sized for four companies. Four 109-man barracks were constructed along with four sets of duplex Non-Commissioned Officers (NCO) quarters, six sets of duplex officers quarters, three sets of single family officers&#39; quarters and various administration and support buildings to accommodate a post of this size.</p><br>
<p>A few buildings were built between 1905 and 1908, and a significant expansion to accommodate seven companies began in 1908-1909 and was largely complete by the end of 1910. The expansion included two additional barracks, one of which was a double barracks, four more sets of duplex NCO quarters and a ten-man Bachelor Officers&#39; Quarters (BOQ). At this point, the fort had the capacity for 17 officers, 18 married NCOs, and 788 enlisted men. The existing hospital and guardhouse were expanded in 1910 to accommodate the increased population.</p><br>
<h3>World War I</h3><br>
<p>During World War I, the forts were manned by artillery companies of the Coast Artillery Corps and Maine National Guard troops. After the American entry into World War I in 1917, the forts were partially disarmed so the guns could be shipped to the Western Front in France. Four of the eight mortars of Battery Ingalls were removed for conversion to railway artillery. This was done with most mortar batteries; with four mortars in each pit the reloading time was excessive due to crowding of men and equipment. So, mortars were removed to leave two mortars per pit. The mortars were not shipped to France; most railway mortars remained in reserve through World War II. Some of Fort McKinleys 8-inch (203 mm) guns were dismounted for railway conversion, but never left the fort and were later remounted. The two 6-inch (152 mm) guns of Battery Carpenter and Fort Lyons three six-inch guns were removed to be mounted on field carriages; all were shipped to France and later returned to the United States, with Battery Carpenter&#39;s guns returning to Fort McKinley. The Fort Lyon guns were eventually used elsewhere on new mountings in World War II. A history of the Coast Artillery in World War I states that none of the regiments in France equipped with 6-inch guns completed training in time to see action before the Armistice.</p><br>
<p>In 1920 Fort McKinley lost both of its 3-inch gun batteries due to obsolescence; this was part of a general removal of all Driggs-Seabury 3 in gun M1898 and their unique masking parapet mountings from service. The masking parapet mount was a simple form of disappearing mount; on 3-inch guns it could not be retracted in action and was locked in the up position after a few years in service.</p><br>
<h3>World War II</h3><br>
<p>In 1940-1941 both forts were expanded to deal with the influx of draftees; a draft was instituted shortly after the outbreak of World War II in Europe in September 1939 and the National Guard was mobilized, which included Coast Artillery Corps units. Construction at Fort McKinley added six temporary enlisted barracks, one temporary officers&#39; barracks, two mess halls, two administration buildings and two recreation buildings. This increased the post capacity to 62 officers, 18 married NCOs, 1438 enlisted men and 25 animals in Jun 1941. In late 1941 Fort Lyon added three new temporary buildings, a wharf, and utilities to house 130 enlisted men and 6 officers. The three buildings included a 172-man mess hall, a 74-man enlisted barracks and a modified barracks to house 56 enlisted men and 6 officers. An antiaircraft battery was also deployed there. At this time the major units garrisoning the Harbor Defenses of Portland were the 8th Coast Artillery Regiment of the Regular Army and the 240th Coast Artillery Regiment of the Maine National Guard. However, most guns of the two forts would soon be removed and scrapped. A modernization centered on Battery Steele on Peaks Island was implemented, and by the end of 1943 all guns and mortars had been removed from both forts, except the two 6-inch (152 mm) guns at Battery Carpenter and three 3-inch (76 mm) guns at Battery Abbot. With little threat to the East Coast from surface ships by 1944, the coast defenses were drawn down and the Coast Artillery regiments reduced to battalions or their personnel reassigned. Shortly after the war the Army withdrew from Forts McKinley and Lyon and the properties were sold or transferred.</p><br>
<h2>Present</h2><br>
<p>Fort McKinley has been redeveloped as a gated community named Diamond Cove. Most of the batteries are heavily overgrown and on private property. Cow Island was redeveloped beginning in 2000 as a camp for environmental, adventure, and leadership development programs.</p><br>
<p>The Jacob Arndt House and Barn is a historic home and Pennsylvania barn located at 910 Raubsville Road in Williams Township, Northampton County, Pennsylvania. The land on which the home sits was inherited by Jacob Arndt from his father, Abraham, in 1795.</p><br>
<p>The home, which was begun in the Federal architecture style circa 1810, overlooks the township&#39;s Stouts Valley, and was completed sometime around 1840, the same year in which the barn was erected. This property was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2005.</p><br>
<h2>History and architectural features</h2><br>
<p>The land on which this historic complex sits was inherited by Jacob Arndt from his father, Abraham, in 1795. The complex encompasses a Federal architecture-style limestone house built sometime around 1810 with an addition which was completed circa 1840. The large stone and wood Pennsylvania barn was also built circa 1840. In addition, a stone carriage house built was erected sometime around 1890. The house features an entrance portico with an elliptical pediment, slate covered gable roof, and two gable-end brick chimneys. The ruins of an out kitchen built sometime around 1810 also remain visible.</p><br>
<p>According to historic preservation specialist David Kimmerly, who prepared the nomination form to secure placement of this historic property on the National Register of Historic Places, the "walls of the house are constructed of regularly coursed limestone with ribbon pointing," which is "similar to pointing on the c. 1900 retaining wall reflecting 20th century Colonial Revival period influence." The main facade&#39;s first floor windows were built with stone jack arches with keystones, a design which is frequently found in Federal architecture.</p><br>
<h3>Placement of the property on the National Register of Historic Places</h3><br>
<p>The nomination form to secure placement of the Jacob Arndt House and its associated buildings on the National Register of Historic Places was completed in November 2004 by David Kimmerly, a historic preservation specialist with Heritage Conservancy in Doylestown, Pennsylvania on behalf of the homes owner at that time, John E. Melchor. The propertys National Register materials were then reviewed on September 13, 2005, by Pennsylvania&#39;s Historic Preservation Board at its meeting at 9:45 a.m. in Room 515 of the Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission at Third and North Streets in Harrisburg. Also being considered for National Register status that day were the Germantown Grammar School Number 2 (boundary increase) in Philadelphia, the Chickies Historic District in Lancaster County, the Allentown Bank Building on North Seventh Street in Allentown, the South Bethlehem Historic District in Bethlehem, and the Seville Theater in Montgomery County.</p><br>
<p>The Jacob Arndt House and its associated buildings were then officially added to the National Register of Historic Places later in 2005.</p><br>
<p>The Isaac Stout House is an historic home which is located in Williams Township, Northampton County, Pennsylvania.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2004.</p><br>
<h2>History and architectural features</h2><br>
<p>The original section of the house was built circa 1772, and is a -story, five-bay by two-bay stone structure, which was designed in the Georgian style. The original section measures approximately forty feet wide and thirty feet deep. The interior has a center hall plan and has Federal style details.</p><br>
<p>An addition was completed in 2001. Also located on the property are the ruins of a nineteenth-century bank barn and stone and stucco-faced silo.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2004.</p><br>
<p>Bridge in Williams Township is a historic stone arch bridge spanning Frey&#39;s Run at Williams Township, Northampton County, Pennsylvania. It was built in 1857, and is a triple-span, camelback shaped bridge. The bridge property measures 80 feet long and 25 feet wide, and each semi-circular arch measures 15 feet wide and 10 feet long.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.</p><br>
<p>Hyde Park–Kenwood Historic District is the name of the National Register of Historic Places  district on the South Side of Chicago that includes parts of the Hyde Park and Kenwood community areas of Chicago, Illinois. The northern part of this district overlaps with the officially designated Chicago Landmark Kenwood District. This northern part of the Hyde Park–Kenwood Historic District contains the Chicago home of Barack Obama. The entire district was added to the NRHP on February 14, 1979, and expanded on August 16, 1984, and May 16, 1986. The district is bounded to the north, south, east and west, respectively by 47th Street, 59th Street, Lake Park Avenue and Cottage Groves Avenue. Despite the large amount of property associated with the University of Chicago, the Hyde Park–Kenwood Historic District is mostly residential. The district is considered to be significant for its architecture and education.</p><br>
<p>Among the Hyde Park–Kenwood Historic District&#39;s contributing properties are numerous NRHP listings in Hyde Park: Frank R. Lillie House, Isidore H. Heller House, Amos Jerome Snell Hall and Charles Hitchcock Hall, Arthur H. Compton House, Chicago Pile-1, St. Thomas Church and Convent, Frederick C. Robie House, George Herbert Jones Laboratory and Robert A. Millikan House. No NRHP listings from Kenwood are within the historic districts boundaries. The NRHP-listed University Apartments are also within the district. Additionally, Chicago Pile-1 and Robie House, which are in the district, are two of the four Chicago Registered Historic Places from the original October 15, 1966 NRHP list.</p><br>
<p>Real Estate Building is a historic commercial building located at Bangor, Northampton County, Pennsylvania. It was built between 1905 and 1907, and is a five-story, brick and stone building with a 1 1/2 story rear brick addition. It sits on a prominent corner in Bangor and has a curved bay window at the corner. The sides feature two sets of three vertical bay windows. The building has Italianate and Georgian Revival stylistic details.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.</p><br>
<p>Daniel Steckel House is a historic home located at Bath, Northampton County, Pennsylvania. It was built in 1803, and is a -story Federal style limestone dwelling. It has an early 19th-century brick addition housing a bake oven, and a frame addition built between 1885 and 1918. It features two end-wall brick chimneys, and more than 85 percent of the interior fabric remains intact. It was built as a showplace for the developing settlement of Bath. The house is open as a bed and breakfast.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<p>Illicks Mill, also known as Peters Mill and Monocacy Milling Co., is a historic grist mill located in Monocacy Park at Bethlehem, Northampton County, Pennsylvania. It was built in 1856, and is a four level, vernacular stone mill building with a heavy timber frame interior. The original building measured approximately 34 by. The building was expanded in the 1880s with a 20-foot addition and the addition of the fourth level and a monitor roof. The mill was formerly the home of the Fox Environmental Center.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2005. As of October 2015, the Appalachian Mountain Clubs Mid-Atlantic Conservation Office has occupied a portion of the building, under a lease agreement with the City of Bethlehem. The building is maintained and its uses managed by the City of Bethlehems Parks, Recreation & Public Properties Department.</p><br>
<p>The Lehigh Valley Railroad Headquarters Building, also known as the Conrail Building, is a historic office building in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.</p><br>
<h2>History and architectural features</h2><br>
<p>A red brick building set on a stone masonry base, this historic structure was built by the Lehigh Valley Railroad in two stages; the ground through third floors were constructed between 1885 and 1886, and the upper floors and western wing were added between 1889 and 1890. The building&#39;s style reflects Late Victorian Gothic and Queen Anne influences.</p><br>
<p>The main elevation features two copper bay windows at the corners, one three stories tall and the other one story tall. The former office building now houses apartments.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.</p><br>
<p>The Parsons-Taylor House is a historic, American home that is located in Easton, Pennsylvania.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<h2>History and architectural features</h2><br>
<p>Built between 1753 and 1757, this historic structure is a -story, two-bay, stone dwelling that was designed in the Georgian style. The interior features a three-part circular stairway that connects the four levels of the home. The house was built for William Parsons and later inhabited by Founding Father George Taylor (c. 1716–1781), who died there in 1781.</p><br>
<p>The house has been occupied by the George Taylor Chapter of the Daughters of the American Revolution since 1906.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<p>The Herman Simon House is a historic home located in Easton, Northampton County, Pennsylvania. It was built in 1902 for Herman Simon, an immigrant from Germany who became a wealthy silk manufacturer.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The home&#39;s owner, Herman Simon, died in 1913.</p><br>
<p>Beginning in 1930, the building became the home of the Easton YWCA.</p><br>
<p>In the 1980s, the Easton YWCA separated from the national organization and transitioned into the Third Street Alliance for Women and Children. That organization is still using the building as of the end of 2014.</p><br>
<p>The Jacob Mixsell House, also known as the Northampton County Historical and Genealogical Society, is an historic American home that is located in Easton, Northampton County, Pennsylvania.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<h2>History and architectural features</h2><br>
<p>Built in 1833, this historic structure is a -story brick building that was designedin the Late Federal style. A rear addition was built about 1850. The interior features five fireplaces with marble mantles believed to be from King of Prussia, Pennsylvania. It has housed the Northampton County Historical and Genealogical Society since 1927.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<p>Easton House, also known as the Bachmann Publick House and George Taylor&#39;s Easton Property, is a historic inn and tavern located at Easton in Northampton County, Pennsylvania. It was built in 1753, and is a 2 3/4 story rubble limestone building, with squared corners, in the Georgian style.</p><br>
<p>Easton House was expanded by George Taylor (c. 1716–1781) in 1765, who used it as a residence and tavern. A red clay brick addition was built in 1828. The building was the site of a number of important judicial proceedings when it housed the Magistrates Court in the early 19th century.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<p>The William Jacob Heller House is an historic, American home that is located in Easton, Northampton County, Pennsylvania.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<h2>History and architectural features</h2><br>
<p>Built circa 1900, this historic structure is an eclectic, three-story, Spanish Colonial Revival-style residence with stucco-coated concrete exterior walls. It features a gently sloping and widely projecting red clay tile roof.</p><br>
<p>The house was built by William Jacob Heller (1857-1920), who operated the first exclusive flag manufactory in the United States.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<p>The Michael and Margaret Heller House, also known as the Heller Homestead, is an historic, American home that is located in Lower Saucon Township in Northampton County, Pennsylvania.</p><br>
<p>In 2010, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2010.</p><br>
<h2>History and architectural features</h2><br>
<p>This house is a two-part building that was renovated between 1934 and 1935 in the Colonial Revival style. It has a two-story, five-bay, main block that was built circa 1820, with a two-story, two-bay core structure to the rear that was built circa 1751. Also located on the property are the contributing Widow&#39;s House, which was built in 1850, and a mid-nineteenth century root cellar.</p><br>
<p>The Whitefield House and Gray Cottage are two historic homes on the Ephrata Tract in Nazareth, Northampton County, Pennsylvania. Construction on both buildings began in 1740, by Moravian settlers who moved to Nazareth after the failure of their mission to Native Americans and Europeans in the Savannah, Georgia area, 1735–1740. The two structures were added to the National Register of Historic Places on May 1, 1980. The Ephrata Tract and its buildings are owned by the Moravian Historical Society, and act as the Society&#39;s headquarters.</p><br>
<h2>1740/1743 Whitefield House</h2><br>
<p>The Whitefield House is a stone building measuring 56 feet long and 35 feet wide. It is named for George Whitefield (1714–1770), who hired a group of Moravians from Georgia to build the house as a school for orphaned slaves. Only a foundation was built however, after theological disputes between Whitefield and the Moravians caused the group to purchase the town of Bethlehem, Pennsylvania. It was here they established a Moravian community. When Whitefield went bankrupt, the Moravians purchased 5000 acres of land from him, which would later become the town of Nazareth. They completed the Whitefield House in 1743, just in time for it to be used as a home for 32 couples coming over from England. The house has been in Moravian hands for years, and has operated as a place of worship, boarding school, place for mission work, nursery, the Moravian Theological Seminary, and apartments for furloughed missionaries. Currently, the Moravian Historical Society uses the building as its historical museum, administrative offices, and gift shop.</p><br>
<h2>1740 Gray Cottage</h2><br>
<p>The Gray Cottage is a -story log building with a wood shake covered gable roof. Its name possibly comes from its aged gray coloring. It was restored in 1971 to be used as a private residence, and it is the oldest American Moravian building still standing. The log house was built in October 1740 by the Moravians to shelter themselves during the winter. The building has been used a boys and girls school, a choir house for widows, and a nursery. The Moravian Historical Society owns and maintains the building, and rents it out to tenants.</p><br>
<p>First House of Nazareth Sign, Nazareth PA.JPGSite of the First House of Nazareth (1740-1864).</p><br>
<p>Whitefield House, Nazareth PA 05.JPGWhitefield House.</p><br>
<p>Whitefield House, Nazareth PA 06.JPGSouthern side.</p><br>
<p>Gray Cottage, Nazareth PA 01.JPGGray Cottage.</p><br>
<p>Gray Cottage, Nazareth PA 03.JPGGray Cottage windows.</p><br>
<p>The Seipsville Hotel, also known as Seips Hotel, Seips Tavern, and the Seipsville Rib House, is an historic, American inn and tavern that is located in Palmer Township in Northampton County, Pennsylvania, United States.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1977.</p><br>
<h2>History and architectural features</h2><br>
<p>Built in 1760, this historic structure is a two-and-one-half-story, four-bay, fieldstone building with a gable roof with two gable end brick chimneys and an adjoining 1 1/2-story spring house.</p><br>
<p>In addition to being an inn and tavern, this building houses a post office, a polling place, and a community meeting center. It is now operated as a bed and breakfast known as the Seipsville Inn.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1977.</p><br>
<p>The State Theatre, officially known as the State Theatre Center for the Arts, is a 1,500-seat, historic, American theater that is located in the City of Easton, Northampton County, Pennsylvania.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The building began to take its present form in 1910, when modified from a bank building to a vaudeville theater, called the Neumeyers Vaudeville House. The building was extensively modified in 1926, to include a larger auditorium, balcony, and lush decorations; at that time it was renamed "The State." The building is asymmetrical with a cut stone Beaux-Arts style facade and large overhanging marquee.</p><br>
<p>The theater has hosted the Freddy Awards, which honor the best in high school theater programs in the Lehigh Valley, every year since the inaugural show in 2003.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<p>Coffeetown Grist Mill is a historic grist mill located at Williams Township, Northampton County, Pennsylvania. It was built in 1762, and is a banked building measuring stories high on the banked side. The building measures 36 feet by 50 feet, and assumed its present size with additions made in the 19th century. The mill was converted to a fertilizer factory in the 1920s. The building was also used as a temporary schoolhouse and post office. The building is now a private residence.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1977.</p><br>
<p>Coffeetown Grist Mill 04.JPGGrist Mill</p><br>
<p>Coffeetown Grist Mill 02.JPGSouthern side with signed stone "I.R. 1762"</p><br>
<p>Freys Run near Coffeetown Grist Mill.JPGFreys Run near Coffeetown Grist Mill</p><br>
<p>McCollum and Post Silk Mill is a historic silk mill located at Nazareth, Northampton County, Pennsylvania. It was built in 1913, and is a two-story, rectangular brick industrial building measuring 51 feet, 6 inches, wide and 150 feet long. A one-story brick addition was built in 1967. In 2001, it was adapted for use as an apartment building. It housed a silk mill, and later clothing manufacturers, until its conversion.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2005.</p><br>
<p>McCollum and Post Silk Mill 02.JPG</p><br>
<p>McCollum and Post Silk Mill 03.JPG</p><br>
<p>McCollum and Post Silk Mill 04.JPG</p><br>
<p>McCollum and Post Silk Mill 08.JPG</p><br>
<p>The Prairie Creek Site is an archaeological site in the southwestern part of the USA state of Indiana. Located approximately 3 mi north of Washington in Daviess County, it lies along the southern bank of the westward-flowing Prairie Creek, a White River tributary. About 1 mi to the east of the site, the stream leaves the Thousand Acre Woods, a heavily wooded area around a glacial lake; six miles downstream is the creek&#39;s confluence with the White River.</p><br>
<h2>Excavation</h2><br>
<p>In early 1972, a local resident observed the bones of a mastodon along the creekside and reported the finding to the Glenn Black Laboratory of Archaeology at Indiana University Bloomington; before long, university archaeologist Curtis Tomak examined the site, removing portions of the mastodon skeleton and inspecting the stratigraphy of the site. This inspection revealed that the site was heavily stratified, due largely to stream deposits. Tomak led a test excavation at the site on weekends during the final third of 1973, which greatly clarified the stratification present at the site. Fifteen different strata were identified; all were formed mostly of clay, silt, and sand, but the majority of the material was sand. The seventh stratum from the top yielded a wide range of objects, including various stone tools and bones of multiple animal species, including extinct species of the Mylohyus and Castoroides genera. Other strata also yielded animal bones; chief among these was an armadillo shell found in Stratum 9, which at the time of discovery was the northernmost known armadillo shell.</p><br>
<h2>Findings</h2><br>
<p>Besides the range of animal bones, many human artifacts were also found at the site. Stratum 7 yielded twenty-seven lithic flakes, bits of coal, and oxidized sandstone, as well as tree products such as burned wood from ash and maple trees. Other strata yielded fish bones, more wood, a fishhook made of bone, and significantly larger amounts of coal. Although the extinct animal bones are found in the same context as the human artifacts, this is believed to have been the result of erosion and buildup by the stream; they are not believed to be contemporaneous.</p><br>
<h2>Preservation</h2><br>
<p>At the end of the test excavation, Tomak and his team were optimistic about the value of the site; they feared that the mixture caused by the flowing water had greatly reduced the information-yielding potential of the stream&#39;s stratigraphy, but they believed that other areas farther from the bank might be free of water damage. With excavations by the Black Laboratory continuing, the site was eventually revealed to have a Paleoindian component. Now recognized as a leading archaeological site, Prairie Creek was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975.</p><br>
<p>The Lake of the Woods Ranger Station is a United States Forest Service compound consisting of eight buildings overlooking Lake of the Woods in the Fremont-Winema National Forests of southern Oregon. All of the ranger station structures were built by the Civilian Conservation Corps between 1937 and 1939. Today, the compound serves as a Forest Service work center, and the old ranger station office is a visitor center. The ranger station is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In the early 20th century, the forest road networks were not well developed. To facilitate work in National Forests, the Forest Service built district ranger stations at strategic locations within the forest to house full-time employees and provide logistics support to fire patrols and project crews working in remote areas of the forest. After World War II, the Forest Service greatly expanded its road network, allowing employees to get to most forest areas within a few hours. As a result, many of the more isolated ranger stations were closed or converted to summer guard stations. The historic Lake of the Woods Ranger Station was established during this early period and is still used by Forest Service crews today.</p><br>
<p>In 1898, the Cascade Forest Reserve was created in southern Oregon. The forest area around Lake of the Woods became part of the reserve. The forest was managed as part of that Cascade reserve until 1908, when the area was transferred to the Crater National Forest. The Forest Service issued the first residential use permit for a private cabin in the Lake of the Woods area in 1916. In 1920, the Forest Service built a public campground at the lake. The site was very popular, with 1,850 summer visitors using the campground the first year it open. In 1923, the road into the Lake of the Woods area was improved. That same year, the Forest Service built a second campground to accommodate the increasing number of people vacationing at the lake. In 1926, the Forest Service issued a permit allowing the Lake of the Woods Recreation Company to build a resort at the lake. During this period, the only Forest Service facility at Lake of the Woods was a small log cabin originally built by a fur trapper, possibly around 1900. In 1929, the Forest Service replaced the cabin with a much larger ranger office at the north end of the lake.</p><br>
<p>In 1932, the Lake of the Woods Ranger Station was transferred to the Rogue River National Forest along with the lake side campgrounds and the surrounding forest. In the mid-1930s, the Civilian Conservation Corps built a number of new buildings at the ranger station. All of the structures but one were built in the Cascadian rustic style.</p><br>
<p>"", National Register of Historic Places Inventory—Nomination Form, National Park Service, United States Department of Interior, Washington, D.C., 8 April 1986.</p><br>
<p>In 1961, the Forest Service transferred the Lake of the Woods and the surrounding forest to the newly formed Winema National Forest. In 2002, the Winema National Forest was administratively combined with the Fremont National Forest, becoming the Fremont-Winema National Forests. The Winema National Forest&#39;s Klamath Ranger District still uses the ranger station as a work center while the old office is now a visitor center during the summer months.</p><br>
<p>All eight of the ranger station buildings are historically important and are still in excellent condition. Because the Lake of the Woods Ranger Station is of unique historic value as an early Forest Service ranger station, the compound was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on 8 April 1986. The historic district covers approximately 9.6 acre.</p><br>
<h2>Structures</h2><br>
<p>The Ranger Station Office is a one and a half-story wood-frame building on a concrete foundation with a fieldstone veneer on the foundations exterior face. It has a high gabled roof with center cross gable with a stone chimney straddling the roof ridge where the gables join the main roof. The main entrance is recessed under west center gable. There are five stone steps leading to a flagstone porch platform. The porch is supported by four large square timber posts with curving brackets at the top. The rear entry is also located below a gable. The back porch is supported by square timber post with curved bracket at the top. The buildings exterior is covered horizontal clapboard to eave line with vertical boards on all the gable ends above the eaves. There eight-over-eight double-hung sash windows on all four side of the building. Three open pine tree logo cutouts located on the gable end above the front porch. The center tree is larger than the flanking trees. A "Visitor Center" sign is located below the pine tree cutouts. The structure is covered by a texture metal roof. Inside the office, the walls have fluted knotty-pine paneling with plain pine baseboards. There is a stone fireplace with a wooden mantel. The interior floors are wood and the ceiling is covered with acoustical tile with exposed boxed beams.</p><br>
<p>The Ranger Residence is a one and a half-story T-shaped building on a concrete foundation with an exposed fieldstone veneer. It is a wood-frame structure with horizontal clapboard exterior to eave line and vertical boards above the eave line on the gable ends. The building has a high gable roof with large gable on east end and projecting center porch gable on south façade. The original wood-shingles roof has been replaced by textured sheet metal. The front porch is supported by two heavy squared timber posts with curved brackets at the top. Stone steps lead to an open porch with a flagstone surface. The rear entry is on the north side of the building. The covered back porch is supported by a single heavy squared timber post with top bracket matching the posts on the front porch. There is an exterior stone chimney on north gable end of the building. The exterior has simple six-over-six double-hung sash windows. Inside the residence the walls are covered in fluted knotty-pine paneling with plain pine baseboard with wood floors. A stone fireplace is a central feature of the home. The ceiling has exposed boxed beams separated by fiberboard paneling.</p><br>
<p>The Assistant Ranger Residence is a one and a half-story L-shaped building on a concrete foundation with an exposed fieldstone veneer. It is a wood-frame structure with horizontal clapboard exterior to eave line and vertical boards above the eave line on the gable ends. The building as a high gable roof with offset gable on north façade forming the buildings L-shape. The roof covering is textured sheet metal. The open front porch is covered by the projecting gable and is supported by two square timber posts with curved brackets at the top. The porch has flagstone platform accessed by five stone steps. There is a chimney on west side of the building. The exterior has six-over-six double-hung sash windows.</p><br>
<p>There is a Residential Garage next to the ranger residence. It is a rectangular, wood-frame structure on a concrete foundation with exposed stone veneer. The garage has a high gable roof. The exterior walls are covered with horizontal clapboard up to the eave line with vertical boards above the eave line on the gable ends. There are two leaf-hinged doors on north gable end. A single large pine tree cutout is centered above the doors near the top of the gable. The original wood-shingle roof has been replaced by textured sheet metal.</p><br>
<p>The ranger station Crew Bunkhouse also serves as an equipment warehouse. The crew house is a one and a half-story rectangular building. It has a wood-frame structure on a concrete foundation with exposed stone veneer. It has horizontal clapboard exterior to eave line and vertical boards with battens above the eave line on the gable ends. The building has a high gable roof with center porch gable on east façade. The open front porch below the center gable is supported by heavy square timber posts with curved brackets at the top. The front steps and porch platform are concrete. A sliding wooden door next to the main entrance provides access to the warehouse storage area. The exterior has six-over-six double-hung sash windows in combinations with mullion frames. A single large pine tree cutout is centered above the porch on the center entrance gable. There are pine tree cutouts on the north and south gable ends as well. The building has a textured sheet metal roof.</p><br>
<p>The ranger stations Gas and Lube Building is a wood-frame structure on a concrete foundation with exposed stone veneer. The exterior walls are covered by horizontal clapboards to the eave line with vertical boards on the gable ends above the eave line. It has a high gable roof. The center section of the roofs northern slope extends out to form shed-porch that covers the gas pump. The main entrance to the shed is also under the porch. The shed extension is supported by two pairs of square timber posts with curving brackets at the top. There is a loading dock on west gable end of the structure. A sliding door provides access to the loading dock. The building has a textured sheet metal roof.</p><br>
<p>There is a small Storage Shed near the gas and lube building. It is a wood-frame structure with a gable roof on a simple concrete foundation. The exterior walls are covered with horizontal clapboard up to the eave line with vertical boards on gable ends above the eave line. The structures only door is on the north side. The structure has simple six-pane single-sash windows. The shed has a textured sheet metal roof.</p><br>
<p>The Barn is the only historic building that is not in the Cascadian Rustic architectural style. It is a one and a half-story rectangular peeled-log structure built on a concrete pier foundation. The barn has high bell-cast gambrel roof covered with wood shingles. The log walls interlock at notched corners. On each side, the logs project out approximately 1 ft beyond the wall corners. The windows on ground floor are single sash of four or six panes. The main door is offset from center at west end of the structure. The door is wood with a six-pane window inset window. There is also a single-leaf horizontal sliding door on east end to allow stock access. On the second floor, there is a two-leaf hay door in the center of the west gable, providing access to the hayloft.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>The Lake of the Wood Ranger Station is located in western Klamath County, Oregon, surrounded by the Winema National Forest. The elevation at the site is 4,997 ft above sea level. The area around the ranger station is a dense, multi-storied mixed conifer forest, dominated by Douglas-fir and white fir. There are also has some ponderosa pine, lodgepole pine, and aspen in the surrounding forest. On area receives an average of 30 in to 44 in of precipitation annually.</p><br>
<p>The ranger station is located near the crest of the Cascade Mountains on the north shore of Lake of the Woods. It is 33 mi west of Klamath Falls and 43 mi east of Medford, Oregon. The ranger station is just off Oregon Route 140. All of the historic buildings are located on a narrow strip of land between the south side of the highway and the north shore of the lake. The old ranger station office is now a Forest Service visitor center that is open during the summer.</p><br>
<p>Saint Joseph Catholic Church, located at 812 Poplar Street in Macon, Georgia, was listed on the NRHP on July 14, 1971. The church is located in the middle of Downtown Macon and takes up one block. It is operated by the Roman Catholic Diocese of Savannah.</p><br>
<p>The towers are the tallest twin towers in Macon, and the 3rd tallest building in Macon, at 200 ft to the tip. The interior features 60 stained glass windows which teach the story of Salvation, a white Carrara marble altar and pulpit, and an organ with 1,000 pipes.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Neo-Gothic church was the realization of an earlier dream of 50 Catholic parishioners and their first priest, Father James Graham. In 1841, this small group of Catholics had bought a Presbyterian church and started the first catholic parish in Macon, a town incorporated as a city only seventeen years earlier. There were twelve pastors after Farther Graham before another church was acquired. Father James O&#39;Neill, the pastor in 1865, found that the church was too small for his growing congregation and purchased another Presbyterian church, this time on Fourth Street between Walnut and Ocmulgee (now Riverside Drive).</p><br>
<p>The Bishop of Savannah sent pastors to St. Josephs Church until 1887, when he asked Jesuits to come from New Orleans to Macon to staff St. Josephs and to take over the school which the diocese had begun in 1876, Pio Nono College. One Macon thoroughfare (Pio Nono Avenue) is a reminder of the school named after Pope Pius IX. (Pio Nono is Italian for Pius Ninth). In 1888, one year after coming to Macon, the Jesuits were determined to build a church more worthy of the Lord of Hosts. The site of the present church was selected and the negotiations were completed when Father Joseph Winkelried, S.J., became pastor. The foundation of the church was laid in August, 1889. On June 16, 1892, the basement of the church, which was used for services until 1903, was blessed by Bishop Becker. Fourteen years after work on St. Josephs Church had been started, the edifice was dedicated on November 15, 1903. Six bishops from various parts of the country assisted at the ceremony. The November 15, 1903, edition of the Macon Telegraph began its coverage of the Churchs dedication with, If architecture may be fittingly described as frozen music, St. Joseph&#39;s Church, to be dedicated today, is a symphony.</p><br>
<p>The Zeta Psi Fraternity House at Lafayette College is a historic house located on the campus of Lafayette College in Easton, Northampton County, Pennsylvania. The Tau Chapter of the Zeta Psi fraternity built the house between 1909 and 1910. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2001.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Tau chapter of the Zeta Psi fraternity was chartered at Lafayette College in Easton, Northampton County, Pennsylvania in 1857; it was the third fraternity on campus. Fraternities were not allowed to have chapter houses until October 1900, when the college&#39;s trustees viewed this as a partial solution to a campus housing shortage and established new policies. As a result, Zeta Psi met at various locations, including an office building in downtown Easton that a fraternity brother owned. The fraternity also rented space to hold its annual ball.</p><br>
<p>By the fraternity&#39;s national convention in January 1907, the chapter had plans for a chapter house to present for approval. It new chapter house helped elevate Zeta Psi to the top position amongst campus fraternites.</p><br>
<p>The chapter house was a training center for Reserve Officer Training Corps during World War I. The chapter declined during the war era due to declining grades and an off-campus meeting location. However, it revived in the 1920s, with members gaining academic honors and key positions in student government. However, the fraternity&#39;s connections to the Easton community declined, along with its finances, during the Great Depression and World War II.</p><br>
<p>Beginning in September 2014, the house was unoccupied due to the suspension of Tau chapter by Lafayette College for five years. During the suspension, the fraternity was prohibited from occupying its chapter house. The college started using the Zeta Psi Fraternity House as an all-male dormitory in the fall of 2015, housing first-year students. The dorm was referred to as 49 South College Drive.</p><br>
<p>The Tau chapter was officially recognized and reinstated by Lafayette College during the 2018–2019 academic year. The house is no longer used as a dormitory.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The Zeta Psi Fraternity House at Lafayette College was designed by architects William March Michler of Easton and James Barnes Baker of New York, both Zeta Psi members and civil engineering graduates of Lafayette College. The general contractor was Amanndus Steinmetz and Streepy and Strickland were the stonemasons. Michler&#39;s brother, Roosevelt Michler, was its interior decorator, securing interior fittings and furnishings Construction cost between $35,000 and $43,000 ($ to in 2022 money).</p><br>
<p>Built between 1909 and 1910, the Zeta Psi Fraternity House is a -story, nine-bay wide, rock-faced granite building with a dormered hipped roof. Its exterior features a heavy eave cornice, prominent chimney stacks, and projecting facade pavilions while its interior reflects both Colonial Revival and Arts and Crafts styles of architecture. It follows an American vernacular style, although it was called an English manor when built, and conveys the importance of fraternities to the campus at the time. Its roof is grey slate.</p><br>
<p>There is a five-bay sunporch on the front of the building on the south side. Its granite piers, a flat roof, and is accessed through double French doors. It has skylights and opens to a wide terrace, accessed via steps with an iron handrail. A similar porch was originally on the west side of the house but has since been removed. There is a three-bay porte cochere on the east side of the house that mimics the details of the sun porch.</p><br>
<p>Inside the house features an open floorplan with a reception hall, a library, a billiard room, and a dining room. The reception hall also opens to the sun porch. All four rooms feature Colonial Revival fireplace mantles with Arts and Crafts tile. The dining room&#39;s tiles were made by the Moravian Pottery Works. Originally, the flooring was parquet but has been covered with tongue and groove strip flooring.</p><br>
<p>The reception room has a beamed ceiling and four chandeliers. The library has built-in Arts and Crafts bookcases and a chandelier that matches those in the reception hall. There is also a kitchen on the first floor.</p><br>
<p>The north side of the reception hall has Tuscan colums leading to a golden oak staircase with an inglenook fireplace. The inglenook included earth-colored tiles decorated with heraldic beasts, Arts and Crafts light fixtures, golden oak wainscot paneling, and golden oak paneling with the fraternity&#39;s Greek letters. The stairs lead to two upper floors and an attic. The second and third floors include ten and eight bedrooms, respectively, study rooms, and bathrooms. The house also has a basement level with a chapter room, bar room, and laundry room.</p><br>
<p>The chapter house was extensively renovated in the 1950s. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places later in 2001.</p><br>
<p>Weona Park Carousel, also known as Dentzel Stationary Menagerie Carousel, is a historic carousel located at Pen Argyl, Northampton County, Pennsylvania. The carousel and its pavilion were built in 1923. The carousel is housed in a wooden, one story, pavilion measuring 20 feet high at center and 80 feet in diameter, with 24 sections each 10 feet 6 inches wide. The carousel has 44 animals and 2 sleighs standing three abreast. They were originally hand carved and painted in the 1890s, c. 1905, and c. 1917. It was constructed by the Dentzel Carousel Company of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1999.</p><br>
<p>The Lutz-Franklin School is an historic one-room school building which is located in Lower Saucon Township in Northampton County, Pennsylvania.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2008.</p><br>
<h2>History and architectural features</h2><br>
<p>Built in 1880, this historic school is a one-story, rectangular, stone building with a belfry, and was designed in the Late Victorian style. A front porch was added in 1901. The building measures thirty-two feet by thirty-eight feet and has a slate covered gable roof. It was used as a school until 1958.</p><br>
<p>The building was restored in 2004-2006 and houses the Lower Saucon Township Historical Society Museum.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2008.</p><br>
<p>Nazareth Hall Tract is a historic Moravian school complex located at Nazareth, Northampton County, Pennsylvania. It consists of the manor house Nazareth Hall, the 1840 Moravian Church, the "First Room" Building , the Principals House, the Single Sisters House, and a monument. In 1759, it became the central boarding school for sons of Moravian parents known as Nazareth Hall. The school closed in 1928-1929.</p><br>
<p>Nazareth Hall is a colonial mansion built in 1756, and is a solid masonry building with a gambrel roof measuring 100 feet long and 46 feet deep. The 1840 Moravian Church is a 2 1/2 story stucco coated stone building with a gable roof. The Parsonage was built in the 1870s and is a three-story brick structure. The original section of the "First Room" Building was built in 1850, with additions and modifications made in 1855, 1875, and the 1920s. The Principals House is a two-story building built in 1819, with additions and modifications made in the 1870s and in 1910. The Single Sisters House was built in 1784, and is a three-story building with a single pitched roof. It was converted for school use in 1874-1875.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<p>Chain Bridge or Change Bridge, also known as the Lehigh Canal Swinging Bridge and as Wire Towing Path at Pool No. 8, is a historic change bridge spanning the Lehigh River at Palmer Township and Williams Township, Northampton County, Pennsylvania. It was built in 1856–1857, and consists of three stone piers and two spans. Each pier is approximately 30 feet high. In 1972, the bridge consisted of the piers and the cable.</p><br>
<p>The chain bridge was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974. The NRHP listing included a 5 acre area. It is included within a large historic district, Lehigh Canal: Eastern Section Glendon and Abbott Street Industrial Sites, which has numerous other structures and buildings, and which was listed on the NRHP in 1979.</p><br>
<p>Ehrhart&#39;s Mill Historic District is a national historic district located along Saucon Creek at Lower Saucon Township in Northampton County in the Lehigh Valley region of eastern Pennsylvania. The district includes nine contributing buildings, two contributing sites, and four contributing structures associated with a 19th and early 20th century grist mill.</p><br>
<h2>District features</h2><br>
<p>The buildings include a small barn, the stone grist mill (destroyed), and three stone or brick vernacular houses. The mill is a three-story, five level stone building with a slate covered gambrel roof. The most prominent structure is an iron pratt truss bridge built in 1867, and known as County Bridge #16. The mill was destroyed by fire.</p><br>
<h2>National Register of Historic Places</h2><br>
<p>In recognition of the district&#39;s historical significance, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1987.</p><br>
<p>Easton Historic District is a national historic district located in Easton in Northampton County, Pennsylvania. The district includes 405 contributing buildings in the central business district and surrounding residential areas of Easton.</p><br>
<p>Easton Historic Districts buildings were primarily built between 1830 and 1910. The oldest dates back to 1752. Notable buildings include the First Reformed Church (United Church of Christ), Colonel Robert Hooper House, former Ormsbys Restaurant, First Public Library, St. Johns Lutheran Church, Wolf School, Kares Building, Jacob Riegel House, Benjamin Reigel House, Detwiler House, Northampton National Bank Building, Alpha Building, Jacob Mayer Building, and Bell Telephone Building. Located in the district and separately listed are the Easton House, Parsons-Taylor House, Jacob Nicholas House, Judge Craters Family Mansion, Jacob Mixsell House, Herman Simon House, and the State Theatre.</p><br>
<p>The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<p>First Christian Church is a historic church at 612 Throckmorton Street in Fort Worth, Texas. It was founded in 1855, making it the oldest continuously operating church established in Fort Worth, Texas. The present building at 6th and Throckmorton dates back to 1915. It was designed by architects E.W. Van Slyke and Clyde Woodruff in a Renaissance Revival style. The raised two-story limestone building has a Greek Cross plan with a tower and copper-clad dome at the crossing and three porticos with Corinthian columns. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983 and received the Fort Worth Historical and Cultural Landmarks Designation in 2006.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>1855: First Christian was organized in the home of Dr. and Mrs. Carroll Peak on the 2nd Sunday in June. The first pastor was Mr. A.M. Dean. and the second pastor was Dr. B.F. Hall, DDS.</p><br>
<p>1857: The first Sunday school was organized at Masonic building on the northeast corner of Belknap and Grove Streets.</p><br>
<p>1865-70: Rev. J.A. Clark founded Add-Ran College in the FCC building, naming it for the son of Addison Clark, who had been named after Addison and Randolf. Randolf suggested naming the school after the child. It was the first Public school, Col. John Peter Smith was the first teacher.</p><br>
<p>1870: The first building site of the congregation was at Main and Houston, 4th and 5th Streets.</p><br>
<p>1878: "Rock" church built on site at 612 Throckmorton. The lot was purchased for $1,500.</p><br>
<p>1897: Magnolia Avenue Christian, an offshoot of First Christian, was established.</p><br>
<p>1914: The current First Christian Church Sanctuary building was erected on the site of former location.</p><br>
<p>1912-61: During Dr. L. D. Anderson&#39;s 49-year ministry, membership reached 3,000.</p><br>
<p>1947: A wood carving of "The Last Supper" was dedicated.</p><br>
<p>1961-73: During Dr. N. Quentin Grey&#39;s 12-year ministry, Dial-a-Prayer and Memorial Fund were established.</p><br>
<p>1980: On the 125th Anniversary, Founders&#39; Fund for church programs was established.</p><br>
<p>1986: Renovation Phase I was completed.</p><br>
<p>1991: Renovation Phase II was completed.</p><br>
<p>1993: Renovation Phase III was completed.</p><br>
<h2>Photo gallery</h2><br>
<p>The Nazareth Historic District is a national historic district located in the center of the Borough of Nazareth, Northampton County, Pennsylvania, which is located ten miles northeast of Bethlehem and seven miles northwest of Easton.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Mostly residential in nature, with commercial buildings located in its central section, the Nazareth Historic District was laid out in a grid pattern between the mid-eighteenth and early twentieth centuries, and includes 503 contributing buildings and 1 contributing site (Moravian Congregational Cemetery). The buildings are primarily 2 1/2 stories tall and constructed of brick or frame. Most of the remaining stone buildings were built prior to 1858 when Nazareth came under civil control from the Moravian church.</p><br>
<p>Notable non-residential buildings include the Nazareth Moravian Church (1861, St. Johns U.C.C. Church (1905-1907), and St. Johns Lutheran Church (1858). Located in the district is the separately listed Nazareth Hall Tract.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.</p><br>
<p>Nazareth Moravian Church, Nazareth PA 01.JPGNazareth Moravian Church</p><br>
<p>Center Square, Nazareth PA 02.JPGCivil War Monument on Center Square</p><br>
<p>Memorial Library of Nazareth, PA 01.JPGMemorial Library of Nazareth</p><br>
<p>E Belvidere St, Nazareth PA 01.JPGBelvidere Street.</p><br>
<p>St Johns UCC, Nazareth PA.JPGSt. John&#39;s United Church of Christ (1906)</p><br>
<p>The Homer Wilson Ranch, also known as the Blue Creek Ranch, was one of the largest ranches in the early twentieth century in what would become Big Bend National Park in the USA state of Texas. The ranch was established by Homer Wilson in 1929 at Oak Springs to the west of the Chisos Mountains. Ultimately comprising 44 sections of land, amounting to more than 28,000 acre, the Oak Canyon-Blue Creek Ranch was acquired by the State of Texas in 1942 for incorporation into the new park. A large portion of the ranch comprised portions of the old G4 Ranch , established by John and Clarence Gano in the 1880s. Wilson&#39;s ranch focused on sheep and goats, the first such large operation in the Big Bend area. Wilson continued to live at the ranch until his death in 1943; his family moved from the ranch the next year. Wilson, born in Del Rio, Texas in 1892, had studied petroleum engineering at the Missouri School of Mines and was a World War I veteran. The ranch, with the headquarters at Oak Springs and its operational center at Blue Creek, was one of the largest in Texas, and the most significant ranch in Big Bend.</p><br>
<p>The Blue Creek residence measures about 24 ft by 60 ft with a 16 ft by 60 ft screened porch on the south side of the house. The single-story residence comprised two bedrooms, a living room and a kitchen, with a large central fireplace. The house features a double roof, the inner layer a traditional reed roof of the type locally used, with a sheet metal roof above. Another building housed ranch help. The structures were abandoned when the Wilsons moved out.</p><br>
<p>The Blue Creek area of the Wilson ranch was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on April 14, 1975.</p><br>
<p>Hot Springs, also known as Boquillas Hot Springs, and Langford Hot Springs is a former thermal spring resort in what is now Big Bend National Park in Texas. Hot Springs was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The springs were developed by J.O. Langford beginning in 1909. Langford was a Mississippi native who had contracted malaria as a child. Searching for a cure, he heard of reputedly curative hot springs on the Rio Grande while visiting Alpine, Texas. Langford made a homestead claim, sight unseen. Although other homestead claims on the site had failed, Langford, his wife Bessie and his 18-month-old daughter set out for the site, discovering that it was already occupied by Cleofas Natividad with his wife and ten children. Initially considering the Natividads squatters, the Langfords developed a cooperative relationship with the Natividads. Langford took a 21-day treatment of drinking and bathing in the spring waters, regaining his health.</p><br>
<p>The site was the first major tourist attraction in the area, predating the establishment of the national park. Before Langford&#39;s development, a small stone tub had been excavated in the local stone for bathing, with a dugout that was renovated by the Langfords as a residence. The Langfords later built an adobe house, a stone bathhouse, and brushwood bathing shelters. The Langfords left in 1912 when bandits made the area unsafe. When they returned in 1927 they rebuilt the bathhouse, but with a canvas roof. They also built a store and a motor court, consisting of seven attached cabins.</p><br>
<p>The structures were built of local stone with wood trussed roofs covered with corrugated metal. Interior walls were plastered. Four of the motor court rooms featured painted murals. A terrace was covered with a long porch or ramada connecting the cabins.</p><br>
<p>In the historic district, there are petrogylphs made by Native Americans. The springs were visited by Pedro de Rábago y Terán in 1747, who found Apaches farming the area. In later years the Comanche Trail passed nearby. The hot springs remain, at a temperature of 105 degrees Fahrenheit, and may be used for soaking. The water contains sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulfate, chloride and smaller concentrations of arsenic, lithium, rubidium, strontium, thallium, uranium, and tungsten.</p><br>
<p>Hot Springs was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on September 17, 1974.</p><br>
<h2>Water profile</h2><br>
<p>The spring water is fossil water, and is irreplaceable. The geothermally heated mineral water emerges from the source at 105°F.</p><br>
<p>The spring is frequently submerged by the Rio Grande. The site is accessible by unpaved road, about 2 mi west of Rio Grande Village, otherwise known as Boquillas.</p><br>
<p>Glover Archbold Park is a 183-acre quasi-natural, stream-valley park in Northwest Washington, D.C., on the western edge of Georgetown University and adjacent to the Burleith-Hillandale, Glover Park, McLean Gardens, and Westchester neighborhoods. One of the "finger parks" of Rock Creek Park, the Glover-Archbold Park is administered by the National Park Service .</p><br>
<p>The park includes a historical Victory Garden on W Street NW.</p><br>
<p>The park includes the portion of Foundry Branch from Van Ness Street to Canal Road along the Potomac River. Several temporary streams, some originating from springs, flow into Foundry Branch.</p><br>
<p>The NPS prohibits off-leash dogs, bicycles, and motorized vehicles in the park.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The land that is today Glover Archbold Park included a portion of the right-of-way of the Washington and Great Falls Electric Railway Company, which began operating streetcar service from Georgetown along the north bank of the Potomac River in 1895. The streetcar line crossed Foundry Branch and its valley on Foundry Branch Trestle Bridge, a 280-foot steel Pratt truss bridge. The last streetcar crossed the trestle in 1960. The trestle was acquired in 1997 by the WMATA transit agency, whose efforts to obtain permission to demolish it have so far been thwarted by preservationists.</p><br>
<p>Glover Archbold Park is named after Charles Carroll Glover and Anne Mills Archbold, who donated its land in 1924. The Glover familys pronunciation of its name is "glove er." The National Park Service does not hyphenate "Glover Archbold Park." Some people erroneously call the park Glover Archibald Park.</p><br>
<p>In 1947, Senator Carl Hayden proposed to build a four-lane divided highway called Arizona Avenue through the park from Canal Road in Georgetown to Wisconsin Avenue in Friendship Heights. Haydens proposed highway was not built; the path is now the Glover Archbold Trail and the Massachusetts-39th Trail. Weaver Street and Weaver Place were renamed Arizona Avenue in 1954 after a suggestion by the American University Park Citizens Association. In 1963, the conservationist and writer Rachel Carson, accompanied by several members of the Audubon Naturalist Society, visited Glover Archbold Park. Georgetown University students have been studying and learning from the park since at least 1975.</p><br>
<h2>Ecology</h2><br>
<p>The park contains thousands of species in the life domains Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya. There may be over 200 fungus species in the park, including artists fungus, black locust shelf fungus, hedge-hog fungus, hen-of-the-woods, pear-shaped puffball, and turkey-tail fungus. Its trees include ashleaf maples, American beeches, American elms, black haws, cottonwoods, eastern redbuds, eastern sycamores, princesstrees, spicebushes, trees-of-heaven, tuliptrees, and white oaks. Its spring ephemerals include spring-beauties and cutleaf toothworts. Other wildflowers in the park are asters, elephants-foot, wingstem, and yellow jewelweed. Two native plant species that are evidently now extinct in the park are round-lobed hepatica and trailing arbutus. Both ground and climbing forms of poison-ivy are common in Glover Archbold Park. In about 2000, highly pestiferous Asian tiger mosquitoes first appeared in the park. In 2004, adult 17-year cicadas were common there. A rare harvester butterfly was seen in the park. Some of its other insects are black swallowtails, Chinese mantids, eastern carpenter bees, eastern-tailed blues, eastern tiger swallowtails, Andrena erigeniae bees, false honey ants, impatient bumblebees, imperial moths, monarchs, Pecks skippers, Pennsylvania soldier beetles, sachem skippers, silver-spotted skippers, spicebush swallowtails, spring azures, summer azures, western honey bees, and zebra swallowtails. The park has a significant invasion of nonnative plants, including Asiatic bittersweet, bamboo, common periwinkle, English ivy, garlic-mustard, gill-over-the-ground, Japanese honeysuckle, lesser celandine, wild-garlic, and wintercreeper. Once a 2-foot tall, nonnative, tropical papaya seedling grew in the stream bed. Because people have altered the parks landscape so much, native fish are no longer in the stream. Eastern box turtles, frogs, and toads are rare or extinct in the park, not to mention American black bears, American elk, bison, and timber wolves which once lived in the Washington, D.C. area. Its birds include American robins, barred owls, blue jays, Carolina wrens, catbirds, common crows, fish crows, northern cardinals, northern mockingbirds, and wood thrushes. Mammals in the park include common raccoons, coyotes, domestic cats, domestic dogs, gray foxes, humans, short-tailed shrews, Virginia opossums, white-footed mice, and white-tailed deer.</p><br>
<h2>Park challenges</h2><br>
<p>Many things have and are degrading Glover Archbold Park, including air, fertilizer, soil, and water pollution. The sewer system in and near Foundry Branch has changed this stream&#39;s course. The park sometimes smells of sewage. Storms periodically cause a strong current in the stream, resulting in erosion, disturbance of stream life, and pollution of its water with road runoff and even raw sewage. People, who are likely unwary of the polluted condition of the water, allow their dogs to drink and walk and bathe in the water. The park is long and narrow (up to 0.25 mile wide and 2.6 miles long), and mostly surrounded by houses and other buildings. Some people extend their yards into the park, and the NPS asks them to stop this practice.</p><br>
<p>Mount Zion Cemetery/Female Union Band Society Cemetery is a historic cemetery located at 27th Street NW and Mill Road NW in the Georgetown neighborhood of Washington, D.C., in the United States. The cemetery is actually two adjoining burial grounds: the Mount Zion Cemetery and Female Union Band Society Cemetery. Together these cemeteries occupy approximately three and a half acres of land. The property fronts Mill Road NW and overlooks Rock Creek Park to the rear. Mount Zion Cemetery, positioned to the East, is approximately 67,300 square feet in area; the Female Union Band Cemetery, situated to the West, contains approximately 66,500 square feet. Mount Zion Cemetery, founded in 1808 as The Old Methodist Burial Ground, was leased property later sold to Mount Zion United Methodist Church. Although the cemetery buried both White and Black persons since its inception, it served an almost exclusively African American population after 1849. In 1842, the Female Union Band Society purchased the western lot to establish a secular burying ground for African Americans. Both cemeteries were abandoned by 1950.</p><br>
<p>Both cemeteries are considered a single unit, and were added to the National Register of Historic Places on August 6, 1975.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In the early 1800s Georgetown was the northernmost port on the Potomac River. It was a major port for the slave and tobacco trade in the area and a center for mills and markets for the newly created city of Washington. Its population was one-third black – half freedmen and half slaves.</p><br>
<p>In 1808, the Montgomery Street Church purchased the property which would become Mt. Zion Cemetery for the burial of their church members and their enslaved, freed Black persons and descendants. The Montgomery Street Church was known as the Dumbarton Street Methodist Episcopal Church after 1850.</p><br>
<p>Many members of the Black community attended the Montgomery Street Church. Between 1801 and 1810 their numbers fluctuated between 37 and 97. At times, nearly 50% of the congregation consisted of "coloured brethren." The congregation was segregated by the White governed church. On June 3, 1814, about 123 Black members met to consider forming a separate congregation under the supervision of the parent church. In 1814, a group of Black members left the Montgomery Street Church to establish their own congregation. Named the Mount Zion Episcopal Church, the congregation would be recognized later as Mount Zion United Methodist Church.</p><br>
<p>The Female Union Band Society was a cooperative benevolent society formed by freed Black women whose members were pledged to assist one another in sickness and in death. They desired a separate burying ground for Black persons. In 1842, the Society purchased the lands adjacent to the West boundary of the Methodist burying ground. On May 24, 1879, Mount Zion United Methodist Church leased their historic burying ground to the Mount Zion United Methodist Church for 99 years. In ensuing years the Female Union Band Society and Mount Zion Cemeteries were often referred to as the single entity Mount Zion Cemetery.</p><br>
<p>These burial grounds are the resting place of enslaved and freed Black persons, their descendants, and a small number of individuals of European heritage (those not disinterred and reburied in other cemeteries). Unconfirmed representations suggest several German soldiers, fighting as members of the Kings German Legion in the War of 1812, are buried in the Mount Zion cemetery. The cemeteries are believed to have served as an extension of the nearby Black community of Georgetown for enslaved persons seeking freedom via the Underground Railroad.</p><br>
<p>Interments ceased in 1950.</p><br>
<p>The Afro-American Bicentennial Corporation conducted a historical study of the Mt. Zion section of the cemetery.</p><br>
<p>The Mount Zion Cemetery/ Female Union Band Cemetery is one of the oldest remaining African American burial grounds in Georgetown and greater Washington, D.C. As such, the Joint Committee on Landmarks designated the cemetery a Category II Landmark of importance that contributes to the cultural and visual beauty of the District. It was officially listed in the Register on August 6, 1975, in the areas of Archeology – Historic and Social/Humanitarian with an 1809–1950 period of significance. While the cemetery is located within the Georgetown Historic District, its historical significance is sufficiently different to merit individual registration. The cemetery was added to the District of Columbia Inventory of Historic Sites in 1975, and was placed on the National Register of Historic Places, on August 6, 1975.</p><br>
<p>Preservation, restoration and education programs are managed on behalf of the Trustees of the two cemeteries by the.</p><br>
<p>The Pierce Springhouse and Barn, also known as the Art Barn, is an historic barn and springhouse located in Rock Creek Park, at Tilden Street and Beach Drive, Northwest, Washington, D.C.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The springhouse, built in 1801, is located in the median of Tilden Street west of the barn.</p><br>
<p>Issac Peirce built the barn for his farm complex.</p><br>
<p>In 1971, the barn was used as an Art Gallery, operated by Associates of Artists Equity. David Major, a counterintelligence adviser at the Reagan White House, ran a spy tour that claimed the pigeon coop of the barn (above the art gallery) was used to spy on the nearby Hungarian and Czechoslovak embassies.</p><br>
<p>Rosedale, also known as Pretty Prospects, the Uriah Forrest House, and the Coonley Estate, is an historic home and grounds located at 3501 Newark Street, Northwest, Washington, D.C., in the Cleveland Park Historic District. The property is a National Register of Historic Places and District of Columbia landmark.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Rosedale Farmhouse was built in 1793 by Revolutionary War Colonel Uriah Forrest.</p><br>
<p>A small stone cottage constructed in 1740 was incorporated into the house, making Rosedale the oldest surviving house in what is now Washington, DC. The house is set in terraced grounds that are the last remnant of an estate that once encompassed all of what is now Cleveland Park.</p><br>
<p>Rosedale was owned by Forrest descendants until 1920.</p><br>
<p>In 1920, it was purchased by Queene Coonley, the widow of Avery Coonley, owner of Frank Lloyd Wright&#39;s Coonley House in Riverside, Illinois, who had rented the house beginning in 1917.</p><br>
<p>The house was rented to Undersecretary of State William Phillips in 1933, and to John N. Irwin, II in 1959. It was a faculty residence for the National Cathedral School. In 1977, the youth exchange organization Youth For Understanding bought the premises. YFU sold Rosedale to The Rosedale Conservancy, a local trust, in 2002. A renovation project was carried out by Muse Architects in that year.</p><br>
<p>Rosedale is listed on the National Register of Historic Places, and is a contributing property to the Cleveland Park Historic District.</p><br>
<p>Sears, Roebuck and Company Department Store, also known as The Cityline Building, is an historic retail building, located at 4500 Wisconsin Avenue, Northwest, Washington, D.C., in the Tenleytown neighborhood.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Moderne building, was designed by John Stokes Redden and John G. Raben in 1941.</p><br>
<p>Tenleytown was transformed on October 2, 1941, when Sears Roebuck opened its department store on Wisconsin Avenue at Albemarle Street. At the time the store was notable for its size, and for its 300 car rooftop parking lot.</p><br>
<p>In 1975, the Wisconsin Avenue elevation was altered for the Tenleytown–AU (WMATA station).</p><br>
<p>In the 1990s, Sears abandoned its retail operation at the location, and the building was used by Hechinger hardware until its demise in the late 1990s.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places, on February 16, 1996.</p><br>
<p>It was the location of the second Art-O-Matic, from September 29 to October 28, 2000.</p><br>
<p>In the 2000s, the building was converted to a mixed-use development complex called Cityline at Tenley, with luxury condos (The Cityline) on the top levels, a Best Buy and a Container Store at street level, and an Ace Hardware underground, located within the parking garage that serves the aforementioned stores.</p><br>
<p>The Daniels Farm House represents one of the last vestiges of West Texas pioneer farming in Big Bend National Park, Texas. Most of the small-scale farms in the Big Bend area quickly fell into ruin after the park was established in 1944. Larger-scale ranch structures survived in greater numbers, but the small-scale irrigated bottomland farms have not. The farm is located next to the Rio Grande.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The original landowner was Jesus Estrada, who sold the land to John O. Wedlin, a Swedish immigrant. Wedlin, who had farmed wheat in Kansas, leveled the fields, installing a pump-powered irrigation system, establishing one of the first such farms in the area. Wedlin also built the house now known as the Daniels Farm House as a storage shed for farm equipment. Wedlin lived about a mile away, raising wheat for eight years. He sold the farm to cattleman Joe M. Graham of Del Rio, Texas in 1926. Graham, who owned the Lou Buttrill Ranch in the northern Big Bend, used the grain from the Daniels operation to feed his cattle, turning them out in the fields in winter. The Grahams expanded the operation, but sold the northern 200 acre of the property to John R. Daniels and Mary Coe Daniels of Presidio in 1937. The Daniels moved into the former storage shed, using it as their residence and adding a room to house a small store that catered to local residents in the Boquillas community. Daniels converted about 100 acre to cotton. When the park was established in 1944, the Daniels moved away.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The house is a two-room adobe building, about 44 ft by 15 ft. The house was roofed with cane latillas over aspen log vigas in a style traditional to the area. The house&#39;s surroundings retain traces of the irrigated farm environment and possess good historical integrity.</p><br>
<p>A small portion of the Daniels Farm comprising the house and its immediate surroundings is incorporated in the National Register of Historic Places listing, established on October 20, 1989. Much of the immediate area has been incorporated into the National Park Service&#39;s Rio Grande Village, otherwise known as Boquillas.</p><br>
<p>The Under-the-Rim Trail is a 22.9 mi hiking trail in Bryce Canyon National Park, Utah. The trail was established by the National Park Service to provide access to the portions of the park located below the rim of the Paunsaugunt Plateau, whose edge forms the eroded natural amphitheater for which the park is famous. Plans dating to 1932 proposed the trail so that wooded portions of the park&#39;s east side could be accessed, primarily for fire suppression activities rather than for access to scenic features. Work began on the trail in 1934, using Civilian Conservation Corps labor from CCC Camp NP-3, with work continuing into 1935.</p><br>
<p>Besides the main trail, the trail complex includes the Sheep Creek Connecting Trail, the Swamp Canyon Connecting Trail, the Whiteman Connecting Trail and the Agua Canyon Connecting Trail. The Sheep Creek Trail was a pre-existing roadway that was used for sheep drives. The total length of the trail complex is 32 mi</p><br>
<p>The Under-the-Rim Trail and its branches, except for the Sheep Creek Trail, were listed on the National Register of Historic Places on August 25, 1995.</p><br>
<p>Central Bethlehem Historic District is a national historic district located in Bethlehem in Lehigh and Northampton counties in the Lehigh Valley metropolitan area of eastern Pennsylvania.</p><br>
<p>The district includes 165 contributing buildings, six contributing sites, including Nisky Hill Cemetery, nine contributing structures, and four contributing objects. It is primarily residential, but also includes commercial buildings along Main Street. Most of the buildings were built between the mid-18th to early-20th century. The buildings are primarily stories tall and constructed of brick or stone.</p><br>
<p>The district encompasses buildings that reflect Bethlehem&#39;s development from a Moravian community between 1741 and 1844, to an industrial based economy from 1845 to the late 20th century. Notable non-residential buildings include several communal Moravian buildings, the George H. Myers Building, and the Hill to Hill Bridge. Located in the district is the separately listed Lehigh Canal.</p><br>
<p>Central Bethlehem&#39;s Historic District was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1972, and a boundary increase to this designation was added in 1988.</p><br>
<p>The Riggs Spring Fire Trail, also known as the Riggs Spring Loop Trail, was built in Bryce Canyon National Park in 1936 to provide access to the park&#39;s backcountry for fire suppression crews. The approximately 8 mi trail is significant for its association with Civilian Conservation Corps labor from CCC Camp NP-3, and represents the last link in the series of access trails built in the mid-1930s, beginning with the Under-the-Rim Trail, also listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The trail descends eastward from Rainbow Point in the southern end of the park, descending along The Promontory, and turning back south, then west, then north to return to the road via Yovimpa Pass, ending at returning to Rainbow Point. The primary purpose of the trail was to provide reliable access to the backcountry of the southern portion of the park.</p><br>
<p>The Riggs Spring Fire Trail was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on April 25, 1995.</p><br>
<p>Columbia Hall, also known as NEHBS #HW04-056, is an historic building located in Dannebrog, Nebraska, United States that was built in 1908. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on July 22, 2005. The building was built by the Danish Brotherhood in America to serve as a meeting hall for the Danish community and the building currently serves as a tourist center and hosts an archive on Danish American history.</p><br>
<p>The Bryce Canyon National Park Scenic Trails Historic District is a historic trail system in the central part of Bryce Canyon National Park in southwestern Garfield County, Utah, United States, that is listed on the National Register of Historic Places .</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The trail system that was developed to allow day hikers to view or to descend into National Parks natural amphitheater of eroded limestone hoodoos from the developed portion of the park on the rim of the Paunsaugunt Plateau. Five trails are included in the NRHP district: the Navajo Loop Trail, the Queens Garden Trail, the Fairyland Trail, the Peekaboo Loop Trail, and the Rim Trail. Mainly built between 1917 and 1935, these trails intersect to create a continuous network of trails. Portions of the trails were constructed by Civilian Conservation Corps labor from CCC Camp NP-3.</p><br>
<p>The Navajo Loop Trail closely follows its original alignment, leading to the "Wall Street" section of the amphitheater. The Queen&#39;s Garden Trail covers the area between Sunrise and Sunset Points, leading to the Queen Victoria rock formation. The trail includes two tunnels. The Peekaboo Loop Trail is about 4.4 mi long, starting at Bryce Point. The eastern portion of the loop enters Peekaboo Canyon, then crosses to Bryce Canyon, then back into the Peekaboo Canyon drainage along the base of the Wall of Windows formation. The trail returns through a tunnel. The Fairyland Trail is about 5 mi long, running through Fairyland and Campbell canyons. The Rim Trail follows the edge of the Paunsaugunt Plateau for 5.3 mi between Fairyland Point and Bryce Point. Portions of especially heavy use have asphalt paving.</p><br>
<p>The Under-the-Rim Trail and the Riggs Spring Fire Trail connect to the day-hike trail system to provide access to the park&#39;s backcountry. Both are separately listed on the NRHP.</p><br>
<p>The Bryce Canyon trail system was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on April 25, 1995.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Early trail construction focused on the area adjacent to the Bryce Canyon Lodge between Sunrise Point and Sunset Point. It is believed that what is now the Navajo Loop Trail incorporates sections from 1917, immediately after the National Park Service took over administration from the USA Forest Service, and may include some earlier USFS-built paths. The Queen&#39;s Garden Trail, the Navajo Trail and the Peekaboo Loop Trail were completed about 1929, most for foot traffic, with horse and foot traffic for the Peekaboo trail. This trail featured a spring with a horse trough and water fountain. Additional connecting trails were built at this time. The remainder of the trails in the district were completed between 1929 and 1935. Portions of the Rim Trail and the Fairyland Trail were built by the Civilian Conservation Corps in 1934-35.</p><br>
<p>Sugar Loaf Farm is an early 19th-century cluster of agricultural, industrial, and residential buildings located in a bucolic setting approximately 7.5 miles southwest of Staunton, Virginia and 1/2 mile southeast of Sugar Loaf Mountain. As a member of the USA National Register of Historic Places, Sugar Loaf Farm maintains the only surviving brick grist mill in Augusta County, Virginia. The brick grist mill on the property combines the mechanical principles of Oliver Evans, a prominent mill designer of the late eighteenth century, with the engineering craftsmanship and building detail of molded brick cornices, a vernacular architecture in the upper Shenandoah Valley in the early 1800s. The Farms three original buildings, the farmhouse, grist mill and millers house, were all constructed by David Summer at a time when Augusta County had emerged as the center of one of the most dominant wheat-growing and flour-processing regions in the South. Sugar Loaf Farm serves as a valuable reminder of the wheat-based agriculture that persisted in this region well into the twentieth century. Today, Sugar Loaf Farm is a privately run farm that specializes in raising Black Angus cattle.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Sugar Loaf Farm is named after the distinctive cone-shaped hill on the property that has been a local landmark for centuries. The main portion of Sugar Loaf Farm was owned by John Summers as early as 1773. By 1830, John Summerss son, David, had built the three original buildings—the farmhouse, the grist mill and the millers house. After David Summer&#39;s death in 1857, the farm was purchased by Jacob Bowman and remained in the Bowman family until the twentieth century. Since the Bowman ownership, Sugar Loaf Farm has passed through a variety of owners and is currently owned by a large, privately run cattle operation.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>A working farm for nearly 200 years, the agricultural and milling complex gains its meaning through the relationships between the buildings and their surroundings, including fields, roads and streams. The major buildings were constructed within one decade, as parts of a whole. However, changes in family size, architectural tastes, economic markets and agricultural technologies have had a significant impact on the appearance of these structures and on the surrounding landscaping. The property embraces approximately 2,200 acre in area, including an area of 408 acre occupied by the buildings included in the National Register of Historic Places designation; this includes the brick grist mill, miller&#39;s house, and stone springhouse.</p><br>
<h3>Brick Grist Mill</h3><br>
<p>The design of the mill is based on the principles of mill construction developed by Oliver Evans (1755–1819). Evans was a leading figure of the time is designing alternatives to the overly complex methods for operating water-powered mills. The mills he designed could be operated by one person, using a single continuous production line and can be found in his book, The Young Mill-Wright and Miller&#39;s Guide.</p><br>
<p>The brick grist mill on Sugar Loaf Farm is a four-story masonry structure. Each level of the grist mill served a different purpose. Controls for the machinery were located on the first level, the grinding process took place on the second level and sifting and grain storage were located on the third and fourth levels. Very little of the original mill machinery is left in the grist mill, but the original hurst frame, which precisely follows Oliver Evan&#39;s design, is still there.</p><br>
<h3>Miller&#39;s House</h3><br>
<p>The millers house and the mill have remained relatively original since their construction in the 1820s. The miller house is a two-story home with two rooms on each level, a north exterior chimney and a corbeled cap. In keeping with the architecture of the main farmhouse at the time, the millers house included decorative brick cornice molding, oak window and doorframes and a hall-parlor floor plan that was similar to the main farmhouse but at a smaller scale.</p><br>
<h3>Stone Springhouse</h3><br>
<p>The limestone springhouse is located east of the main farmhouse near Eidson Creek, the primary water source of the original enterprise and the controlling utility for the grist mill. The building was probably constructed along with the primary buildings (1820s) as evidenced by the method in which its gable roof rafters and the door and window frames are fashioned after the other primary buildings on the complex.</p><br>
<p>Today, Sugar Loaf Farm is a family operated estate that specializes in raising Black Angus cattle. Located in the heart of the Shenandoah Valley it remains a significant cultural artifact for Augusta County, Virginia.</p><br>
<p>Cloverdale, also known as Pierce Shoemaker House, is an historic Colonial Revival home, located at 2600 and 2608 Tilden Street, Northwest, Washington, D.C., in the Forest Hills neighborhood.</p><br>
<p>It is now known as the Education Office of the Chinese Embassy.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Colonial Revival house was constructed in 1810, before being renovated in 1876, and again in 1910.</p><br>
<p>It passed from the family of Isaac Peirce to his nephew Pierce Shoemaker, who expanded the house in 1876.</p><br>
<p>Mrs. Clara Newman reportedly remodeled in 1910.</p><br>
<p>It is now listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>Josephine Butler Parks Center is a historic building in Washington, D.C. and the headquarters of Washington Parks and People, located in the Meridian Hill neighborhood of Northwest D.C. It is housed in the Old Hungarian Embassy, which is listed on the USA National Register of Historic Places as House at 2437 Fifteenth Street, NW.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The 1927 Renaissance revival house was designed by George Oakley Totten Jr., for Mary Foote Henderson, widow of Senator John B. Henderson.</p><br>
<p>In 1941, the house was sold to the American Legion.</p><br>
<p>In 1951, it became the embassy of the People&#39;s Republic of Hungary.</p><br>
<p>In 1977, it bought by B.C.G. Associates, and rented,</p><br>
<p>In 1982, it was bought by the New China News Agency.</p><br>
<p>In 1987, it was bought by Coolidge House Associates.</p><br>
<p>The Parks Center is an office for the non-profit Washington Parks and People and was named in honor of environmentalist, labor organizer and activist, Josephine Butler.</p><br>
<p>The Hale House, also known as the Hale Residence, is located at 902 Tullis St, NE Olympia, Washington. The house is an American Queen Anne style Cottage and was built in 1882 for Captain Calvin Henry Hale and Pamela Case Hale. The house was placed on the National Register of Historic Places January 12, 1984.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>1882 was also the year that the Hales had their house on Tullis Street built. Captain Hale was only able to enjoy the house for five years. He died on August 12, 1887.</p><br>
<p>The Garden Club of America Entrance Markers in Washington, D.C., are carven stone pylons installed along the border of the District of Columbia in 1932 and 1933 by local Garden Club of America chapters. Originally about five feet tall, the markers were placed at important entrance points to the national capital. Seven survive: sets of two markers in Westmoreland Circle, Friendship Heights, and Chevy Chase Circle; and a single marker along Georgia Avenue. These surviving markers are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>History and features of the markers</h2><br>
<p>The markers were designed by architect Edward Donn, who based them on the milestones set up in 1761 along the Mason–Dixon line denoting the Pennsylvania-Maryland boundary. Installed between April 1932 and October 1933, the markers are composed of Aquia Creek sandstone and bear the Seal of Maryland on one side and the Cartouche of the District of Columbia on the opposite side. The cartouche depicts George Washington with Lady Justice, a laurel wreath, the rising sun, and the capitol dome.</p><br>
<p>Each stone was originally surrounded by fences consisting of chains supported by four bollards and planting schemes designed by the Maryland and Virginia chapters of the Garden Club. As the Club intended that the markers would notify people that they were passing a boundary, not all sit precisely on boundary lines.</p><br>
<p>The club installed at least 13 markers, including sets of two markers in Westmoreland Circle; Friendship Heights; Chevy Chase Circle; at the city&#39;s north portal at 16th Street NW near Silver Spring, Maryland; and at the Virginia ends of the Key Bridge and the Highway Bridge. A single marker was installed along Georgia Avenue.</p><br>
<p>The Virginia markers have disappeared, as have the 16th Street set. However, an entrance marker that does not resemble any that the Garden Club erected now stands at the north portal inside Blair Circle at the junction of Eastern Avenue, 16th Street NW, N. Portal Drive, and Colesville Road.</p><br>
<p>Each of the seven surviving markers show the effects of weathering, pollution, and other abuse. Motorists have knocked over some or all of these; many now stand well short of their original height. Some have been removed from their original locations and reinstalled nearby. The disposition of those that are no longer in place is now unknown.</p><br>
<p>In 2007, the markers were collectively submitted to the NRHP as a Multiple Property Submission, or MPS; they were added in 2008.</p><br>
<h2>Locations of the surviving markers</h2><br>
<p>The current locations of the seven surviving markers are:</p><br>
<p>Westmoreland Circle (two markers): Junction of Western Avenue and Massachusetts Avenue, NW. The markers are located opposite one another along the Western Avenue axis of the Circle, about two feet within the outside circumference of the circle. The westernmost marker stands beneath an oak tree and is surrounded by its original chain link fence. The easternmost marker stands in the open, without a protecting fence. The markers are between the Northwest No. 5 and Northwest No. 6 boundary markers of the original District of Columbia.</p><br>
<p>Friendship Heights (two markers): Junction of Western Avenue and Wisconsin Avenue, near the Friendship Heights Metro Station. The markers are located on the east and west sides of Wisconsin Avenue, immediately north of Western Avenue. These markers are between the Northwest No. 6 and Northwest No. 7 boundary markers of the original District of Columbia.</p><br>
<p>Chevy Chase Circle (two markers): Junction of Western Avenue and Connecticut Avenue. The markers are located well within the inside circumference of the circle, close to the Circle&#39;s east—west axis. Their sites are within the east and west sides of a grassy circle that lies between rings of azalea plantings and benches that form a perimeter around the centrally-placed Newlands Fountain. The plantings, grass and benches encircle a ring of stone paving that surrounds the fountain. These markers are between the Northwest No. 7 and Northwest No. 8 boundary markers of the original District of Columbia.</p><br>
<p>Traffic island at the junction of Georgia Avenue, Alaska Avenue and Kalmia Road NW (one marker). The marker is located inside the triangular island&#39;s southeast corner, near the intersection of Georgia Avenue to the east and Kalmia Road to the south. A chain-link fence that bollards support surrounds the marker. A landscaped planting of shrubs is behind the marker.</p><br>
<h2>List of the markers</h2><br>
<p>The seven Garden Club of America Entrance Markers, beginning at Westmoreland Circle and proceeding clockwise.</p><br>
